Phonocardiography: Revival of Cardiac Auscultation in the Digital Era: A Clinician-Oriented Review

By

Sibi Das
Department of Medicine NC Medical College and Hospital Israna, Panipat,
Haryana, India.
Address for Correspondence
Dr. Sibi Das, Department of Medicine NC Medical College and Hospital
Israna, Panipat, Haryana, India
Submission: 26 February, 2026
Accepted: 25 March, 2026
Published: 28 March, 2026

Keywords: Phonocardiography; Cardiac Auscultation; Digital Stethoscope; Heart Murmurs, Cardiovascular Screening; Artificial Intelligence

Abstract: Cardiac auscultation remains a fundamental component of bedside cardiovascular examination. However, traditional auscultation using an acoustic stethoscope is highly dependent on clinician expertise and subjective interpretation. Phonocardiography (PCG), the graphical recording of heart sounds and murmurs, provides an objective method for analyzing cardiac acoustic signals. With the emergence of digital stethoscopes, advanced signal processing, and artificial intelligence (AI)–based sound analysis, PCG has significantly regained attention as a diagnostic adjunct in contemporary
cardiology. Recent studies have demonstrated promising diagnostic performance of PCG-based algorithms, with reported sensitivities ranging from 80–92% and specificities of 75–90% for detecting pathological heart murmurs and certain valvular heart diseases. While echocardiography remains the gold standard for structural cardiac evaluation, PCG offers advantages in screening, documentation, and remote monitoring, particularly in primary care and resource-limited settings. This review discusses the principles of phonocardiography, current clinical applications, diagnostic performance, integration with artificial intelligence, Phonocardiography: Revival of Cardiac Auscultation in the Digital Era: A Clinician-Oriented Review

ADVANCING GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE THROUGH OPEN-ACCESS RESEARCH AND INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION

By

Author: Dr. Shehneela Dar, Director
Canadian Journal of Scientific and Clinical Discovery (CJSCD) Zenodo - Community Toronto Canada

Abstract
The Canadian Journal of Scientific and Clinical Discovery (CJSCD) Community is an emerging open-access scientific ecosystem dedicated to advancing global scientific excellence. Through peer-reviewed research, clinical insights, and innovative discoveries, the CJSCD Community fosters interdisciplinary  collaboration and supports the dissemination of high-quality scientific knowledge. Under the leadership of Dr. Shehneela Dar, the Community has established itself as a dynamic platform for scientific exchange, methodological innovation, and clinical advancement. This paper examines the Community’s mission, operational model, scholarly contributions, and its role in strengthening global scientific collaboration.

Keywords: CJSCD, scientific research, clinical discovery, open access, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary collaboration, global science, innovation, biomedical research, clinical insights